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|literal english=Saṃsāra Eye
 
|literal english=Saṃsāra Eye
 
|other={{translation|Eye of the Six Paths|六道の眼|Rikudō no Me}}<ref>Chapter 375, page 17</ref>
 
|other={{translation|Eye of the Six Paths|六道の眼|Rikudō no Me}}<ref>Chapter 375, page 17</ref>
|ref=<ref name="d3">Third Databook, page 313</ref>
+
|ref=<ref name="d3"/>
 
|jutsu classification=Kekkei Genkai
 
|jutsu classification=Kekkei Genkai
 
|clan=Ōtsutsuki Clan
 
|clan=Ōtsutsuki Clan
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|kekkeimora=Yes
 
|kekkeimora=Yes
 
}}
 
}}
<section begin=summary />The {{translation|'''Rinnegan'''|輪廻眼|lit meaning=Saṃsāra Eye}} is reputed as the most exalted eyes amongst the {{translation|Three Great [[Dōjutsu]]|三大瞳術|San Daidōjutsu|lit meaning=Three Great Eye Techniques}},<ref>Chapter 373, page 2</ref> the others being the [[Byakugan]] and the [[Sharingan]]. Rinnegan wielders are said to be sent down from the heavens to become either a "God of Creation" who will calm the world's disorder or a "Destroyer" who will reduce everything to nothingness.<ref name="d3"/> Rinnegan are characterised by light purple sclerae and irides with a ripple-pattern that spreads over the eyeball.<section end=summary />
+
<section begin=summary />The {{translation|'''Rinnegan'''|輪廻眼|lit meaning=Saṃsāra Eye}} is reputed as the most exalted eyes amongst the {{translation|Three Great [[Dōjutsu]]|三大瞳術|San Daidōjutsu|lit meaning=Three Great Eye Techniques}},<ref>Chapter 373, page 2</ref> the others being the [[Byakugan]] and the [[Sharingan]]. Rinnegan wielders are said to be sent down from the heavens to become either a "God of Creation" who will calm the world's disorder or a "Destroyer" who will reduce everything to nothingness.<ref name="d3">Third Databook, page 313</ref> Rinnegan are characterised by light purple sclerae and irides with a ripple-pattern that spreads over the eyeball.<section end=summary />
   
 
== Acquisition ==
 
== Acquisition ==
The Rinnegan was first manifested by [[Hagoromo Ōtsutsuki]], inherited as a [[kekkei mōra]] from his [[Kaguya Ōtsutsuki|mother]]'s [[Rinne Sharingan]]. With his Rinnegan he saved the world from the [[Ten-Tails]] and created [[ninshū]], the precursor of modern [[ninjutsu]]. For his contributions to the world, Hagoromo became revered as the "Sage of the Six Paths" and rose to mythological status through the centuries,<ref>Chapter 425, page 9</ref> with his Rinnegan coming to be deemed by many a legend or a mutation.<ref>Chapter 462, page 11</ref>
+
The Rinnegan was first manifested by [[Hagoromo Ōtsutsuki]], inherited as a [[kekkei mōra]]<ref group=Notes>In the [[Jin no Sho|fourth databook]], Hagoromo is only classified as a kekkei mōra user, suggesting his Rinnegan was no kekkei genkai.</ref> from his [[Kaguya Ōtsutsuki|mother]]'s [[Rinne Sharingan]]. With his Rinnegan he saved the world from the [[Ten-Tails]] and created [[ninshū]], the precursor of modern [[ninjutsu]]. For his contributions to the world, Hagoromo became revered as the "Sage of the Six Paths" and rose to mythological status through the centuries,<ref>Chapter 425, page 9</ref> with his Rinnegan coming to be deemed by many a legend or a mutation.<ref>Chapter 462, page 11</ref>
   
[[File:Madara's rinnegan.png|thumb|left|Madara's Rinnegan.]]
+
[[File:Madara's rinnegan.png|thumb|left|Madara gaining the Rinnegan in his old age after infusing Hashirama's DNA into himself.]]
The Rinnegan can be awakened by combining the [[chakra]] of Hagoromo's sons, [[Indra]] and [[Asura]], in order to create [[Six Paths Chakra|Hagoromo's chakra]].<ref>Chapter 671, page 6</ref> [[Black Zetsu]] spent centuries attempting to do so, trying to manipulate the [[reincarnation]]s of Indra and Asura to awaken the Rinnegan.<ref>Chapter 681, pages 10-15</ref> It was not until the time of [[Madara Uchiha]] - Indra's reincarnation - that Black Zetsu was successful, when Madara infused himself with the DNA of [[Hashirama Senju]] - Asura's reincarnation. However, Madara's [[Sharingan]] did not become Rinnegan until decades later, at the end of his natural lifespan; this also seemingly restored the eyesight lost from his use of [[Izanagi]].<ref>Chapter 681, pages 13-14</ref> When [[Kabuto Yakushi]] [[Summoning: Impure World Reincarnation|reincarnates]] Madara, he operates under a similar hypothesis that Sharingan can be evolved into Rinnegan through combination with Hashirama's DNA. To that end he successfully recreates Rinnegan in Madara's reincarnated body,<ref>Chapter 560, pages 14-15</ref> though these imitation Rinnegan do not have full access to the original's abilities.<ref>Chapter 659, page 7</ref>
+
The Rinnegan can be awakened by combining the [[chakra]] of Hagoromo's sons, [[Indra]] and [[Asura]], in order to create [[Six Paths Chakra|Hagoromo's chakra]].<ref>Chapter 671, page 6</ref> [[Black Zetsu]] spent centuries attempting to do so, trying to manipulate the [[reincarnation]]s of Indra and Asura to awaken the Rinnegan.<ref>Chapter 681, pages 10-15</ref> It was not until the time of [[Madara Uchiha]] - Indra's reincarnation - that Black Zetsu was successful, when Madara infused himself with the DNA of [[Hashirama Senju]] - Asura's reincarnation. However, Madara's [[Sharingan]] did not become Rinnegan until decades later, at the end of his natural lifespan; this also seemingly restored the eyesight lost from his use of [[Izanagi]].<ref>Chapter 681, pages 13-14</ref> When [[Kabuto Yakushi]] [[Summoning: Impure World Reincarnation|reincarnated]] Madara, he operated under a similar hypothesis that Sharingan can be evolved into Rinnegan through combination with Hashirama's DNA. To that end he successfully recreated the Rinnegan in Madara's reincarnated body,<ref>Chapter 560, pages 14-15</ref> though these fake eyes didn't have full access to the original's abilities.<ref>Chapter 659, page 7</ref>
   
 
{{ImgRight|Sasuke's rinnegan.png|Sasuke's six tomoe Rinnegan.}}
 
{{ImgRight|Sasuke's rinnegan.png|Sasuke's six tomoe Rinnegan.}}
[[Sasuke Uchiha]]'s left Sharingan becomes a Rinnegan when Hagoromo's spirit gives half of his power to Sasuke.<ref>Chapter 673, pages 15-16</ref> His Rinnegan has six [[tomoe]] split between its first two ripples. Sasuke is still able to use the powers of his [[Mangekyō Sharingan]].<ref>Chapter 682, page 4</ref>
+
[[Sasuke Uchiha]]'s left Sharingan became a Rinnegan when Hagoromo's spirit gave half of his power to Sasuke.<ref>Chapter 673, pages 15-16</ref> His Rinnegan has six [[tomoe]] split between its first two ripples. If overused and weakened enough, Sasuke's Rinnegan will temporarily lose the tomoe and its full strength until fully recharged. The recharging period seems to be a very long one.<ref>Chapter 700+8, pages 17</ref> Sasuke will also lose the ability to even form his [[Mangekyō Sharingan]] and access its powers until his powers have recharged.<ref>Chapter 700+8, pages 17</ref>
   
As with any [[dōjutsu]], Rinnegan can be transplanted into others. Madara implants both of his into [[Nagato]] without the boy's knowledge,<ref name="madara">Chapter 606, pages 13-15</ref> and Nagato is able to make effective use of the Rinnegan throughout his life due to his [[Uzumaki]] lineage. After Nagato's death the Rinnegan are taken by [[Tobi]],<ref>Chapter 509, page 4</ref> who implants the left into himself and hides the other because he can't handle the power of both eyes at once.<ref name="ch675pg4">Chapter 675, page 4</ref> Even so, he is able to use the one Rinnegan to devastating effect in the [[Fourth Shinobi World War]]. Madara reclaims both of his Rinnegan after he is [[Samsara of Heavenly Life Technique|revived]] and ultimately dies with them.<ref>Chapter 658, page 17</ref>
+
As with any [[dōjutsu]], the Rinnegan can be transplanted into others. Madara implanted both of his into [[Nagato]] without the boy's knowledge,<ref name="madara">Chapter 606, pages 13-15</ref> and Nagato was able to make effective use of the Rinnegan throughout his life due to his [[Senju]] [[Uzumaki|lineage]]. After Nagato's death, the Rinnegan were taken by [[Tobi]],<ref>Chapter 509, page 4</ref> who implanted the left eye into himself and hid the other because he could not handle the power of both eyes at once.<ref name="ch675pg4">Chapter 675, page 4</ref> Even so, he was able to use one Rinnegan to devastating effects in the [[Fourth Shinobi World War]]. Madara later reclaimed both of his Rinnegan after he was [[Samsara of Heavenly Life Technique|revived]] and ultimately died with them.<ref>Chapter 658, page 17</ref>
   
 
== Abilities ==
 
== Abilities ==
The Rinnegan grants the wielder a wide range of abilities without any known chakra requirements to keep the eyes active. Certain abilities are only available to the original owner of the Rinnegan, but even then the possession of two transplanted Rinnegan can grant overwhelming power.<ref name="ch675pg4" /> Rinnegan are able to see chakra and its flow within the body,<ref>Chapter 672, page 1</ref> but cannot detect it through obstructions such as [[smoke bomb]]s.<ref>Chapter 433, page 13</ref> With the Rinnegan, the wielder can master any [[jutsu]] and basic [[nature transformation]] with ease.<ref>Chapter 375, page 11</ref> A Rinnegan user is able to create [[chakra receivers]], into which they can transmit their chakra across long distances.<ref>Fourth Databook, page 255</ref> Rinnegan can also be used to decipher the full contents of the [[Naka Shrine]].<ref>Chapter 467, page 11</ref>
+
The Rinnegan grants the wielder a wide range of abilities without any known chakra requirements to keep the eyes active. Certain abilities are only available to the original owner of the Rinnegan, but the possession of even a single transplanted Rinnegan can grant overwhelming power.<ref name="ch675pg4" /> Rinnegan are able to see chakra, its flow and [[tenketsu]] within the body <ref>Chapter 672, page 1</ref> but cannot detect it through obstructions such as [[smoke bomb]].<ref>Chapter 433, page 13</ref> With the Rinnegan, the wielder can master any [[jutsu]] as well as all five [[nature transformation]]s with ease.<ref>Chapter 375, page 11</ref> A Rinnegan user is able to create [[chakra receivers]], into which they can transmit their chakra across long distances.<ref>Fourth Databook, page 255</ref> The Rinnegan can also fully decipher the contents of Hagoromo's [[Naka Shrine|stone monument]].<ref>Chapter 467, page 11</ref>
   
 
[[File:Nagato using the Asura Path.png|thumb|left|Nagato using the Six Paths Technique.]]
 
[[File:Nagato using the Asura Path.png|thumb|left|Nagato using the Six Paths Technique.]]
Possessing the Rinnegan grants the user a family of abilities collectively known as the [[Six Paths Technique]]s:<ref>Chapter 449, page 1</ref> the gravitational powers of the [[Deva Path]]; the menagerie of [[Summoning Technique|summons]] available to the [[Animal Path]]; the limitless absorptive potential of the [[Preta Path]]; the control over others' souls with the [[Human Path]]; the different options of mechanisation in the [[Asura Path]]; access to the [[King of Hell]] through the [[Naraka Path]]. (Nagato distributes these abilities across his [[Six Paths of Pain]] by embedding corpses with his charka receivers.) A seventh ability, the [[Outer Path]], is said to allow the user to preside over life and death so that they may [[Samsara of Heavenly Life Technique|revive the dead]], control the [[Demonic Statue of the Outer Path]],<ref>Chapter 606, pages 12-14</ref> and through it manifest [[Demonic Statue Chains|chakra chains]] to bind others.<ref>Chapter 569, page 10</ref>
+
Possessing the Rinnegan grants the user a family of abilities collectively known as the [[Six Paths Technique]]s:<ref name="ch449">Chapter 449, page 1</ref> the gravitational powers of the [[Deva Path]]; the menagerie of [[Summoning Rinnegan|summons]] available to the [[Animal Path]]; the limitless absorptive potential of the [[Preta Path]]; the control over others' souls with the [[Human Path]]; the different options of mechanisation of the [[Asura Path]]; access to the [[King of Hell]] through the [[Naraka Path]]. Nagato distributed one of these abilities to each of his [[Six Paths of Pain]] six corpses embedded with chakra receivers. A seventh ability, the [[Outer Path]], is said to allow the user to preside over life and death so that they may [[Samsara of Heavenly Life Technique|revive the dead]],<ref name="ch449"/> [[Summoning: Demonic Statue of the Outer Path|summon]] and control the [[Demonic Statue of the Outer Path]],<ref>Chapter 606, pages 12-14</ref> and manifest [[Demonic Statue Chains|chakra chains]] to bind others.<ref>Chapter 569, page 10</ref>
   
Certain Rinnegan abilities have only been demonstrated by single users: Madara can perform [[Limbo: Border Jail]] to create corporeal shadows which are only visible to the Rinnegan and summon meteors through [[Tengai Shinsei]] using combination of Rinnegan and Susanoo ;<ref>Chapter 674, page 6</ref> Sasuke's Rinnegan allows him to [[Amenotejikara|shift spaces]] within a certain range of himself and control all bijuu at the same time through a powerful genjutsu [[Genjutsu: Rinnegan]] .<ref>Chapter 685, page 17</ref>
+
Certain Rinnegan abilities have only been demonstrated by single users: Madara can perform [[Limbo: Border Jail]] to create corporeal shadows which are only visible to the Rinnegan;<ref>Chapter 674, page 6</ref> Sasuke's Rinnegan allows him to [[Amenotejikara|shift spaces]] within a certain range of himself.<ref>Chapter 685, page 17</ref>
   
 
== Forms ==
 
== Forms ==
 
<gallery widths="127" position="center" orientation="square" bordercolor="transparent" columns="4" hideaddbutton="true">
 
<gallery widths="127" position="center" orientation="square" bordercolor="transparent" columns="4" hideaddbutton="true">
Rinnegan.svg|[[Hagoromo]]'s and [[Madara]]'s Rinnegan.
+
Rinnegan.svg|The Rinnegan.
Rinnegan Sasuke.svg|[[Sasuke]]'s Rinnegan.
+
Rinnegan Sasuke.svg|[[Sasuke]]'s Rinnegan, at full power.
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
   
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* {{translation|''Rinne''|輪廻|lit meaning=Wheel Cycle}} is the Japanese term for [[Wikipedia:Saṃsāra|Samsara]], the cycle of reincarnation or rebirth in several Indian religions. This is reflected in the names of all Six Paths of Pain, which share their names with the six Samsaric realms of reincarnation.
 
* {{translation|''Rinne''|輪廻|lit meaning=Wheel Cycle}} is the Japanese term for [[Wikipedia:Saṃsāra|Samsara]], the cycle of reincarnation or rebirth in several Indian religions. This is reflected in the names of all Six Paths of Pain, which share their names with the six Samsaric realms of reincarnation.
 
* The kanji {{translation|"Rin"|輪|lit meaning=Wheel}} is also used in Sharingan and Rinne Sharingan, potentially linking the three terms etymologically.
 
* The kanji {{translation|"Rin"|輪|lit meaning=Wheel}} is also used in Sharingan and Rinne Sharingan, potentially linking the three terms etymologically.
* The anime depicts the Rinnegan as being multicoloured in its first few appearances. This is corrected after the Rinnegan starts being depicted in colour in the manga. However, whereas the Rinnegan in the manga is a uniform shade of purple, the anime tends to make the centre-most ring a slightly darker shade of purple.
+
* The anime depicts the Rinnegan as being multicoloured in its first few appearances. This is corrected after the Rinnegan starts being depicted in colour in the manga. However, whereas the Rinnegan in the manga is a uniform shade of purple, the anime tends to make the centre-most ring a slightly darker shade of purple, likely for realism purposes.
* Prior to Sasuke's Rinnegan appearing in colour illustrations by [[Masashi Kishimoto]], the [[Naruto: Color Edition]] depicts it as being red. This is corrected in subsequent chapters.
 
 
* In ''[[Naruto: Shippūden]]'' [[Sasuke's Ninja Way|episode 203]], the Sage of the Six Paths' Rinnegan are shown as red.
 
* In ''[[Naruto: Shippūden]]'' [[Sasuke's Ninja Way|episode 203]], the Sage of the Six Paths' Rinnegan are shown as red.
  +
* After Deidara and Sasori brought Gaara to the Akatsuki hideout, Pain is depicted with tomoe in his Rinnegan once,<ref>Chapter 254, page 15</ref> this is [[Chapter-Tankōbon Differences|corrected]] in the tankōbon version.<ref>Volume 29</ref>
* In chapter 700+6, Sasuke's Rinnegan was depicted without its six tomoe.
 
  +
* Sasuke's Rinnegan has been shown many times with less or more than six tomoe:
{{-}}
 
  +
** in its début it had nine tomoe, much like the [[Rinne Sharingan]].<ref>Chapter 673, page 17</ref>
  +
** when visualising Madara's [[Limbo: Border Jail|clone]], it had no tomoe.<ref>Chapter 674, page 10</ref>
  +
** on [[Jin no Sho]]'s back cover, it was depicted with three tomoe.
 
* Prior to Sasuke's Rinnegan appearing in colour illustrations by [[Masashi Kishimoto]], the [[Naruto: Color Edition]] depicted it as being red. This is corrected in subsequent chapters.
   
== References ==
+
== References and Notes ==
  +
<references group=Notes />
 
<references />
 
<references />
   

Revision as of 12:07, 29 June 2015

Rinnegan [1]
Rinnegan
Name
Kanji 輪廻眼
Rōmaji Rinnegan
Literal English Saṃsāra Eye
Other Eye of the Six Paths (六道の眼, Rikudō no Me)[2]
Debut
Manga Naruto Chapter #238
Anime Naruto Episode #135
Movie Naruto the Movie: Blood Prison
Game Naruto Shippūden: Ultimate Ninja 5
OVA Naruto x UT
Appears in Anime, Manga, Game, Movie
Data
Clan
Classification Kekkei Genkai
Known Wielders
Jutsu

The Rinnegan (輪廻眼, literally meaning: Saṃsāra Eye) is reputed as the most exalted eyes amongst the Three Great Dōjutsu (三大瞳術, San Daidōjutsu, literally meaning: Three Great Eye Techniques),[3] the others being the Byakugan and the Sharingan. Rinnegan wielders are said to be sent down from the heavens to become either a "God of Creation" who will calm the world's disorder or a "Destroyer" who will reduce everything to nothingness.[1] Rinnegan are characterised by light purple sclerae and irides with a ripple-pattern that spreads over the eyeball.

Acquisition

The Rinnegan was first manifested by Hagoromo Ōtsutsuki, inherited as a kekkei mōra[Notes 1] from his mother's Rinne Sharingan. With his Rinnegan he saved the world from the Ten-Tails and created ninshū, the precursor of modern ninjutsu. For his contributions to the world, Hagoromo became revered as the "Sage of the Six Paths" and rose to mythological status through the centuries,[4] with his Rinnegan coming to be deemed by many a legend or a mutation.[5]

File:Madara's rinnegan.png

Madara gaining the Rinnegan in his old age after infusing Hashirama's DNA into himself.

The Rinnegan can be awakened by combining the chakra of Hagoromo's sons, Indra and Asura, in order to create Hagoromo's chakra.[6] Black Zetsu spent centuries attempting to do so, trying to manipulate the reincarnations of Indra and Asura to awaken the Rinnegan.[7] It was not until the time of Madara Uchiha - Indra's reincarnation - that Black Zetsu was successful, when Madara infused himself with the DNA of Hashirama Senju - Asura's reincarnation. However, Madara's Sharingan did not become Rinnegan until decades later, at the end of his natural lifespan; this also seemingly restored the eyesight lost from his use of Izanagi.[8] When Kabuto Yakushi reincarnated Madara, he operated under a similar hypothesis that Sharingan can be evolved into Rinnegan through combination with Hashirama's DNA. To that end he successfully recreated the Rinnegan in Madara's reincarnated body,[9] though these fake eyes didn't have full access to the original's abilities.[10]

File:Sasuke's rinnegan.png

Sasuke's six tomoe Rinnegan.

Sasuke Uchiha's left Sharingan became a Rinnegan when Hagoromo's spirit gave half of his power to Sasuke.[11] His Rinnegan has six tomoe split between its first two ripples. If overused and weakened enough, Sasuke's Rinnegan will temporarily lose the tomoe and its full strength until fully recharged. The recharging period seems to be a very long one.[12] Sasuke will also lose the ability to even form his Mangekyō Sharingan and access its powers until his powers have recharged.[13]

As with any dōjutsu, the Rinnegan can be transplanted into others. Madara implanted both of his into Nagato without the boy's knowledge,[14] and Nagato was able to make effective use of the Rinnegan throughout his life due to his Senju lineage. After Nagato's death, the Rinnegan were taken by Tobi,[15] who implanted the left eye into himself and hid the other because he could not handle the power of both eyes at once.[16] Even so, he was able to use one Rinnegan to devastating effects in the Fourth Shinobi World War. Madara later reclaimed both of his Rinnegan after he was revived and ultimately died with them.[17]

Abilities

The Rinnegan grants the wielder a wide range of abilities without any known chakra requirements to keep the eyes active. Certain abilities are only available to the original owner of the Rinnegan, but the possession of even a single transplanted Rinnegan can grant overwhelming power.[16] Rinnegan are able to see chakra, its flow and tenketsu within the body [18] but cannot detect it through obstructions such as smoke bomb.[19] With the Rinnegan, the wielder can master any jutsu as well as all five nature transformations with ease.[20] A Rinnegan user is able to create chakra receivers, into which they can transmit their chakra across long distances.[21] The Rinnegan can also fully decipher the contents of Hagoromo's stone monument.[22]

Nagato using the Asura Path

Nagato using the Six Paths Technique.

Possessing the Rinnegan grants the user a family of abilities collectively known as the Six Paths Techniques:[23] the gravitational powers of the Deva Path; the menagerie of summons available to the Animal Path; the limitless absorptive potential of the Preta Path; the control over others' souls with the Human Path; the different options of mechanisation of the Asura Path; access to the King of Hell through the Naraka Path. Nagato distributed one of these abilities to each of his Six Paths of Pain — six corpses embedded with chakra receivers. A seventh ability, the Outer Path, is said to allow the user to preside over life and death so that they may revive the dead,[23] summon and control the Demonic Statue of the Outer Path,[24] and manifest chakra chains to bind others.[25]

Certain Rinnegan abilities have only been demonstrated by single users: Madara can perform Limbo: Border Jail to create corporeal shadows which are only visible to the Rinnegan;[26] Sasuke's Rinnegan allows him to shift spaces within a certain range of himself.[27]

Forms

Trivia

File:Rin'negan.png

The anime's first rendition of the Rinnegan.

  • Rinne (輪廻, literally meaning: Wheel Cycle) is the Japanese term for Samsara, the cycle of reincarnation or rebirth in several Indian religions. This is reflected in the names of all Six Paths of Pain, which share their names with the six Samsaric realms of reincarnation.
  • The kanji "Rin" (, literally meaning: Wheel) is also used in Sharingan and Rinne Sharingan, potentially linking the three terms etymologically.
  • The anime depicts the Rinnegan as being multicoloured in its first few appearances. This is corrected after the Rinnegan starts being depicted in colour in the manga. However, whereas the Rinnegan in the manga is a uniform shade of purple, the anime tends to make the centre-most ring a slightly darker shade of purple, likely for realism purposes.
  • In Naruto: Shippūden episode 203, the Sage of the Six Paths' Rinnegan are shown as red.
  • After Deidara and Sasori brought Gaara to the Akatsuki hideout, Pain is depicted with tomoe in his Rinnegan once,[28] this is corrected in the tankōbon version.[29]
  • Sasuke's Rinnegan has been shown many times with less or more than six tomoe:
  • Prior to Sasuke's Rinnegan appearing in colour illustrations by Masashi Kishimoto, the Naruto: Color Edition depicted it as being red. This is corrected in subsequent chapters.

References and Notes

  1. In the fourth databook, Hagoromo is only classified as a kekkei mōra user, suggesting his Rinnegan was no kekkei genkai.
  1. 1.0 1.1 Third Databook, page 313
  2. Chapter 375, page 17
  3. Chapter 373, page 2
  4. Chapter 425, page 9
  5. Chapter 462, page 11
  6. Chapter 671, page 6
  7. Chapter 681, pages 10-15
  8. Chapter 681, pages 13-14
  9. Chapter 560, pages 14-15
  10. Chapter 659, page 7
  11. Chapter 673, pages 15-16
  12. Chapter 700+8, pages 17
  13. Chapter 700+8, pages 17
  14. Chapter 606, pages 13-15
  15. Chapter 509, page 4
  16. 16.0 16.1 Chapter 675, page 4
  17. Chapter 658, page 17
  18. Chapter 672, page 1
  19. Chapter 433, page 13
  20. Chapter 375, page 11
  21. Fourth Databook, page 255
  22. Chapter 467, page 11
  23. 23.0 23.1 Chapter 449, page 1
  24. Chapter 606, pages 12-14
  25. Chapter 569, page 10
  26. Chapter 674, page 6
  27. Chapter 685, page 17
  28. Chapter 254, page 15
  29. Volume 29
  30. Chapter 673, page 17
  31. Chapter 674, page 10